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    • 专利摘要:
    1457234 Two-stage spheroidization of iron DEERE & CO 20 May 1975 [20 May 1974] 21429/75 Headings C7A and C7D Spheroidal graphite iron is produced by treating iron initially with a spheroidizing agent to provide a residual content of 0À02-0À055% and subsequently treating it with a second agent containing 0À8-1À8% of magnesium whereby the result corresponds to that which would have been obtained from 0À03-0À075% of the initial agent. The latter may be a conventional Mg - containing material, while the secondary treatment may be carried using a Ni-Mg alloy or one containing, in percentage by weight: - the amount of the alloy added being 0À4 to 0À8% of the melt.
    公开号:SU1276261A3
    申请号:SU752136808
    申请日:1975-05-10
    公开日:1986-12-07
    发明作者:Робинсон Майкл
    申请人:Диир Энд Компани (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to the field of high-molecular compounds, in particular to the preparation of fiber-forming copolymers of acrylonitrile containing sulfo groups, and can be used for the production of fibers,
    The aim of the invention is to improve the fire resistance of the copolymers and to prevent the glazing of the fibers on them.
    Example 1 In a 15 L pressure polymerization vessel, an emulsion polymerization is carried out using 40.4 parts by weight. acrylonitripe, 12.8 ma. vinylidene chloride, 46.1 mph. vinyl chloride, 260 mph. water, oxidation-reducing polymerization initiator, consisting of 0.18 wt.h. ammonium persulfate and 0.72 ma.ch. sodium bisulfate, and 0.89 wt. lauryl sulfate, diluted as an emulsifier. The pH of the polymerization system is set at 2.2 and polymerization is continued at 38 ° C for 7 hours. In the course of the polymerization in the emulsion, 0.7 wt.h. is introduced at a constant rate into the polymerization system at a constant rate. sodium vinyl benzyl sulfonate as a vinyl monomer containing a sulfo group for 2 hours (achieved polymer yield 29.3%) to 6 hours (achieved polymer yield 85.4%), this input improved after the start of polymerization. In addition, during the polymerization, 29.6 May, h (from 40.4 May, h) of acrylonitrile and 4.6 mph, (from 12.8 wt.h.) of vinylidene chloride were introduced into this system continuously in order to maintain a homogeneous amount of the polymer to be obtained, and 0.16 wt. (from 0.18 wt.h.h.) ammonium persulfate in order to maintain a constant poly
    merization ..
    The poly iep thus formed had the following composition in wt%: acrylonitrile 49.2, vinylidene chloride 15.3, vinyl chloride 34.6 and sodium vinyl benzyl sulfonate 0.9. The polymer yield at the moment when 18.7 mach. H of unreacted vinyl chloride is recovered, 96.8%.
    The polymer formed during the completion of the sodium vinyl benzyl sulfonate input into the final polymer, i.e. the Y value, is 88.2%. In addition, the value of (Y-X) is 58 ,. The resulting reaction emulsion
    the mixture is stable even if it is settled for more than 1 month. Salting is carried out by inputting 2 of us, h. sodium chloride in 100 mash, emulsions. The content of water in the wet polymer obtained by salting out is measured. The water content is 98.5%.
    The polymer, recovered in powder form, is dissolved in acetone, resulting in a 30% spinning solution. Wet spinning is carried out by pressing the spinning rotor into a coagulation bath, containing a mixed water-acetone solvent (65:35 by weight), washing the resulting filaments with water, drying, stretching, and heat treatment, resulting in a modified acrylic-based fiber. the polymer is dissolved in dimethylformamide for the purpose of obtaining a spinning solution, the synthetic fiber is obtained by wetting; using a mixed solvent of water - dimethylformamide as a coagulation bath.
    Having obtained the obtained polymer, the emulsion capacity, the water content in the wet polymer obtained when extracting from the emulsion, and deactivating prevent rasteering (penetrated. The percentage of heat transfer of this fiber is 78.8% and the maximum cellular index is 32.2, as a result of which the fiber has excellent The ability to prevent de-vitrification and high flammability is good. Examples 2-4 and comparative examples 1 and 2. Polymerization in an emulsion is as described in Example 1. Dkrilonitrile, vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride used in the amounts listed in Table 1. In addition, the amount of polymerization catalyst is controlled according to its monomers in such a way that the yield of the resulting polymer 96-977, t sodium vinyl benzyl sulfonate is introduced continuously in a polymerization system at a constant rate, so the value (Y- X) was 50-60% and the value Y was 80-90%. The light transmittance), and the flame resistance of the fiber are presented in Table. 1. As follows from the results obtained in examples 2-4, in the implementation of the proposed method, resistant emulsions are obtained, wet polymers obtained by salting out emulsions have a low water content, for example, the water content is less than 1-20%; The fibers obtained have an excellent ability to prevent sloughing and high fire resistance. On the other hand, the polymer obtained in the comparative example has a high content of acrylonitrile, therefore, the resulting emulsion has a somewhat weak resistance, in addition, the drying efficiency is low due to the high water content. The fire resistance of the fiber, expressed as the limiting oxygen index, is 26, which is an unsatisfactory value. In comparative example 2, the emulsion resistance, water content and fire resistance are satisfactory, but the physical properties and the ability to prevent de-vitrification of the fibers are poor as a result of low acrylonitrile content. Examples 5-11 and comparative examples 3-6. In order to reveal the effect of Y and X on the characteristics of the polymer and the ability to prevent de-vitrification, polymerization is carried out in an emulsion, at the start or end of which the input amount of the sulfo group containing vinyl monomer is changed. In the implementation of the polymerization using 40,4 MAH. acrylonitrile, 59.1 wt.h. vinyl chloride, 270 ac.h of water, 0.8 wt.h. sodium lauryl sulfate as an emulsifier; and a combination of persulfate with sodium bisulfite, as a polymerization initiator. The pH in this polymerization system is adjusted to 2.3 and the polymerization is carried out at 39 ° C for 7 hours. During the course of the polymerization, 6 hours after the initiation of the polymerization, a gradual continuous introduction of sodium styrene sulfonate for 0.5 hours as a vinyl monomer containing a sulfo group is started. 61 and stop within 4-7 hours after initiation of the polymerization. The resulting polymer has the following composition, wt%: acrylonitrile 49.4, vinyl chloride 50, and sodium styrene sulfonate 0.6. The polymer yield about 96%. This polymer is recovered from the emulsions formed by salting out. Spinning solutions are prepared by dissolving the polymers in acetone and wet spinning is carried out, resulting in synthetic fibers. The value of the limiting oxygen index of all the obtained fibers 28, 1 due to the same polymer composition, and fire resistance is good. The stability of the emulsions, the content of water in the wet polymer extracted from the emulsion, and the ability to prevent de-vitrification (the percentage of light transmission) are given in Table. 2. As can be seen from the gab. 2, (examples 5-11), the water content in wet polymers obtained by extraction of polymer powder from emulsions is less than 120%, therefore, the effectiveness of the substance is good. In addition, the percentage of light transmittance for the fibers is more than 70%, and therefore they have an excellent ability to prevent de-vitrification. When polymerization in an emulsion is carried out under conditions in which the value Y is more than 71%, the resulting emulsion is stable. In comparative examples, the condition (Y-X) in the polymerization process is unsatisfactory, therefore, the ability to prevent de-vitrification is poor. Example 12. In a 15 L pressure polymerization vessel, solution polymerization was carried out using 54.7 parts by weight. acrylonitrile, 18.8 wt.h. Vinylidenechloride, 26.0 wt.h. vinyl chloride, 0.5 wt.h. sodium vinyl benzyl sulfonate, 200 wt.h. dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent; and azobisdimethylvaleronitrile as a polymerization initiator such that sodium vinyl benzyl sulfonate is continuously introduced into the polymerization system at a constant rate so that X becomes 28.8% and Y becomes 83.6% and so. that part of the acrylonitrile required for use and vinylidene chloride are continuously introduced into the polymerization system as the polymerization proceeds in order to maintain the uniform composition of the resulting product. Leamer. Thus obtained, the polymer has the following composition, wt.%: Acrylonitrile 61.3, vinylidene chloride 20.4 vinyl chloride 17.5, sodium vinyl benzyl sulfonate 0.8. The resulting reaction mixture, in the form of a solution, is diluted to a polymer concentration of 23%, as a result of which a spinning solution is obtained, and wet spinning is carried out by pressing the spinning solution into a mixed solvent water-dimethylsulfoxide. The percentage of light transmittance and the limiting oxygen index of the fiber produced are, respectively, 76.6% and 29.6% and in: therefore, this fiber has an excellent de-tart ability and excellent fire resistance. Examples 13-17 and comparative examples 7-10. The emulsion according to example 1 is polymerized, however, the type and amount of monomero vinyl containing the sulfo group is changed, as shown in Table 1. 3 and the value (Y-X) and the value Y are in the range of 5660% and 87-89%, respectively. In addition, for comparison, polymerization without the use of vinyl monomer containing a sulfo group (comparative example 7), polymerization using sodium vinyl benzyl sulfonate in large quantities (comparative example 8) and polymerization using other vinyl monomers containing sulfo group, sodium 2-methylallyl sulfonate (comparative example 9) and sodium allyl sulfonate (comparative example 10). In comparative examples 9 and 10, the polymerization initiator used honestly is adjusted so that the polymer is obtained with a yield of 97% with a polymerization duration of 7 hours, since the polymerization rate is low. Formed polymers contain 48-50 wt.% Acrylonitrile, 14-16% vinylidene chloride and 34-38 wt.% Vinyl chloride. These polymers are dissolved in acetone, resulting in 30% spinning solutions, and modified acrylonitrile-based fibers are obtained by forcing these solutions into a coagulation bath containing a water-acetone offset solvent (65:35 weight ratio). The limiting oxygen index of each fiber produced is about 31-32 and the fire resistance of the well. The results are presented in table 3. In examples 13-17, using the proposed sulfo group-containing monomers, the resulting emulsions are very stable, the water content in the wet polymers obtained during the extraction of the polymer powder from the emulsions is low, i.e. less than 120%, in addition, the ability to prevent de-vitrification is very high, In comparative example 7 without using a vinyl monomer containing a sulfo group, the durability of the resulting emulsion is weak, in addition, the percentage of light transmission of the fiber is less than 60% and therefore the ability to prevent de-glassing is poor . In comparative example 8, carried out with the use of vinyl monomer containing sulfo group in large quantities, the water content is high, the drying efficiency is low. In addition, the spinning solution obtained from the extracted polymer powder contains a substance that is insoluble in acetone, and therefore the ability to prevent de-vitrification is very poor. In comparative examples 9 and 10, the rate of polymerization is reduced by introducing sodium 2-methylallyl sulfonate or sodium allyl sulfonate into the polymerization system. The reason for this is that the chain growth reaction takes place with the formation of high molecular weight polymeric radicals. fishing Therefore, the rate of polymerization is maintained by using an increased amount of polymerization initiator. The resulting emulsions do not possess durability, the water content in wet polymers is high, i.e. more than 130%. In addition, the resulting fibers have a weak ability to prevent de-vitrification, the ability to dye is unsatisfactory. The reason for this is that the resulting polymers are not the effective content of the vinyl monomer, including the sulfo group, in the polymer molecule and the efficiency of the proportion of the polymer that includes the monomeric component containing the sulfo group. Example 18, In a 15 L pressure vessel, polymers are carried out. Zatsigo, using 0.5 mach. h, styrene sulfonate sodium, 40.4 mach. acrylonitrile, 59, May, h. vinyl chloride, 270 wt.h. water, .0.8 mach. sodium lauryl sulfonate as an emulsifier; and a combination of ammonium persulfate and sodium hydrogen sulfite as a polymerization initiator. The pH of the polymerization system is set at 2.3 and the polymerization is carried out for 7 hours at. During polymerization, the start and end times for the addition of sodium styrene sulfonate are altered. Gradual continuous addition of 0.5 May, h Sodium styrene sulfonate begins 6 hours after initiation of the polymerization and ends 4-7 hours after initiation of the polymerization. The resulting polymer has a composition of 49J4 wt.%. Acrylonitrile, 50,, About wt. vinyl chloride and 0.6% by weight sodium styrene sulfonate. The polymers were isolated from the resulting emulsions by salting out. Spinning solutions are prepared by dissolving polymeres of acetone, wet spinning is carried out for synthetic fibers. The property to prevent de-vitrification is assessed by the percentage of skipping. A 3 denier fiber is treated in boiling water for 30 min and cut into 3 ml long pieces. Then, 200 mg of the cut fibers are uniformly 618 but laid out between silicon oxide glass plates and placed in an oxide cell having a thickness of 1 cm, filled with 3 ml of p-chlorotoluene. The percentage of flux treated in boiling water; Fibers are measured using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 650 µm, using a raw fiber sample as standard. The higher the transmission percentage, the better the de-tilt prevention property. Fire resistance is measured by the method of limiting oxygen index, using an instrument for determining the limiting oxygen index of combustion. Each sample is prepared as follows. The multifibres are located, each of which has 300 single fibers (single denier 3-gang fiber) twisted 75 turns per 25 inches, and two of these twisted fibers are then joined together to form a thread. The sample is then shrunk to 70% and placed in the holder of the combustion device in a straightened position. The sample is burned and the percentage of oxygen required to maintain a combustion of 5 cm is measured. The larger the value. the better the fire resistance. The results of the measurement of the transmission percentage are shown in Table. 4. From table. 4, it is clear that fibers having an excellent de-tarnishing property are obtained when the feeding of the vinyl monomer containing the sulfo group to the polymerization system is carried out so that the ratio of the amount of copolymer obtained during the feeding period,. to the amount of total copolymer obtained is in the indicated range, i.e. . The value of the limiting oxygen index for all the fibers obtained is 28.1, i.e. fire resistance is good. Table I
    51.315.8 32.1 0.8 56.7 36.3 .418.5 20.2 0.9 56.4 66.2 -
    102,481,831,0
    119,684,730,2 Composition of the polymer, sat. X 1 Medium 73.6 3.4 22.1 0.9 55.3 86, 2 36.7 5.9 56.6 0.8 54.2 88, Prikechan in
    Sodium methacryloxypropyl sulfonate 0.6
    Sodium styrene sulphonate, 0.6
    Ammonium styrene sulfonate 0, 6
    1276261
    10 Continuation of table 1
    table 2
    Table 3
    Good 95.3 82.5
    - 93.6 82.2
    96.4 81.7 S AN - acrylonitrile, VD - blame ide hlri, BO -. iiiphlowa, ganna-ss - sodium styrene sulfonate. Fire Percentage Contains Durability of the light output of the emulsion dy, Z start-up Ches “about to work 151,888,5 Good 92,2
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    METHOD FOR PRODUCING FIBER-FORMING ACRYLONITRIL copolymers by copolymerization in a solution or emulsion in the presence of a radial-type catalyst of a mixture of monomers, including acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride and / or vinylidene chloride and a compound containing sulfo group, with a mass ratio of 40 monomers (in the mixture of 37-61 in the mixture: 59.5):: (0.5-2.0) ,. when the monomers are introduced by the process, characterized in that, in order to improve the fire resistance of the copolymers and to prevent devitrification of the fibers based on them, Na (NH 4 ) styrene sulfonate is used as a compound containing a sulfo group; Na-vinylbenzyl sulfonate or Na-methacryloxypropyl sulfonate, the introduction of which into the reaction mixture is carried out under conditions that correspond to equation 33 <y-x <73, where y is the amount of polymer,%, formed at the moment of completion of the introduction of this compound, and x is the amount of polymer, %, · Formed at the moment of input start.
    -SU <> 1276261 AZ
    1 1276261 *
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    HU172001B|1978-05-28|
    ES437779A1|1977-02-01|
    NO139272B|1978-10-23|
    JPS50160117A|1975-12-25|
    CA1043570A|1978-12-05|
    NO751716L|1975-11-21|
    TR18678A|1977-06-23|
    JPS5512162B2|1980-03-31|
    BR7502932A|1976-04-20|
    IN143746B|1978-01-28|
    US3955973A|1976-05-11|
    US4084962A|1978-04-18|
    FR2272178A1|1975-12-19|
    CH614976A5|1979-12-28|
    LU72505A1|1975-08-28|
    IT1036896B|1979-10-30|
    DE2521440B2|1977-11-10|
    ATA45778A|1984-01-15|
    AT350605B|1979-06-11|
    AT375775B|1978-11-15|
    BE829186A|1975-09-15|
    SE7505665L|1975-11-21|
    DE2521440A1|1975-11-27|
    FR2272178B1|1978-02-24|
    SE425320B|1982-09-20|
    DE2521440C3|1978-07-06|
    NL7505771A|1975-11-24|
    ZA753144B|1976-12-29|
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    引用文献:
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    US6372014B1|2000-04-10|2002-04-16|Rossborough Manufacturing Co. L.P.|Magnesium injection agent for ferrous metal|
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    US6989040B2|2002-10-30|2006-01-24|Gerald Zebrowski|Reclaimed magnesium desulfurization agent|
    US7731778B2|2006-03-27|2010-06-08|Magnesium Technologies Corporation|Scrap bale for steel making process|
    GB0614705D0|2006-07-25|2006-09-06|Foseco Int|Improved meethod of producing ductile iron|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US05/471,684|US3955973A|1974-05-20|1974-05-20|Process of making nodular iron and after-treating alloy utilized therein|
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